Hopi People

Above shows a religious ceremony of a Hopi village. The Hopi people's religion and spiritual beliefs were of much importance and a large part of their daily routines, pertaining to nearly every aspect of their traditional lives, such as farming and harvesting, social routines, the economy, and their distinct way of life known as "the Hopi Way." In these religious ceremonies (as you may be able to see in the image above) the Hopi people dressed up as and praised the religious and spiritual beings known as "Kachinas." The Kachinas were believed to be ancestors of the Hopi people who lived in the clouds above them as though they were constantly looking over their descendants and blessing them with good fortune.

"Hopi." Gale: U.S. History in Context, 2012. Accessed September 9, 
     2015.

http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/uhic/ReferenceDetailsPage/ ReferenceDetailsWindow?failOverType=&query=&prodId=UHIC&windowstate=normal&conten tModules=&display-query=&mode=view&displayGroupName=Reference&limiter=&u=mnkblake &currPage=&disableHighlighting=false&displayGroups=&sortBy=&source=&search_within _results=&p=UHIC%3AWHIC&action=e&catId=&activityType=&scanId=&documentId=GALE%7CC X4019400079.

David, Neil, J. Brent Ricks, and Alexander E. Anthony. Kachinas: Spirit Beings 
     of the Hopi. N.p.: Avanyu Publishing, 2007.

http://www.amazon.com/Kachinas-Spirit-Beings-Neil-David/dp/0936755539

Palermo, Dave. Thirst for Survival, 2005. 

https://beyondthemesas.files.wordpress.com/2010/08/thirst-for-survival.pdf

Cheyenne: Society and Religion

Image via: Card Cow

Above shows a typical Cheyenne village structured on the basis of kinship. The Cheyenne had strong bonds between groupings and thrived on social interaction. The tribe was also largely agricultural and nomadic. For that reason, behind the teepees they have set up a crop field mostly for produce such as wild rice of which they use for food and in some cases, trade.

Bibliography

Britannica Academic, s. v. "Cheyenne," accessed September 08, 2015,

http://academic.eb.com/EBchecked/topic/109944/Cheyenne.

This is a good but brief article which gives some key information on the spiritual side of religion of the Cheyenne people.

Campbell, Gregory. "Cheyenne." Encyclopedia of World Cultures. 1996. Encyclopedia.com.

(September 8, 2015). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3458000051.html

The CODiE award winning database “Encyclopedia.com” brings an article on the Cheyenne which covers an abundance of topics ranging from general history to economy and labor.

(Cheyenne), Porcupine. "Account of the Ghost Dance Religion." Westward Expansion.

Woodbridge, CT: Primary Source Media, 1999. American Journey. U.S. History in Context. Web. 8 Sept. 2015. http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/uhic/PrimarySourcesDetailsPage/PrimarySourcesDetailsWindow?failOverType=&query=&prodId=UHIC&windowstate=normal&contentModules=&display-query=&mode=view&displayGroupName=PrimarySources&limiter=&currPage=&disableHighlighting=false&displayGroups=&sortBy=&search_within_results=&p=UHIC%3AWHIC&action=e&catId=&activityType=&scanId=&documentId=GALE%7CEJ2160000069&source=Bookmark&u=mnkblake&jsid=5ac31de27394cc8107f78f6cb4f0a0b1

Although the primary source is post-contact. Porcupine offers great insight on the general friendliness of the Cheyenne people.

"Classical America: The West: Great Plains." American Eras. Vol. 1: Early American

Civilizations and Exploration to 1600. Detroit: Gale, 1997. 34-35. U.S. History in Context. Web. 8 Sept. 2015. http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/uhic/ReferenceDetailsPage/ReferenceDetailsWindow?failOverType=&query=&prodId=UHIC&windowstate=normal&contentModules=&display-query=&mode=view&displayGroupName=Reference&limiter=&currPage=&disableHighlighting=false&displayGroups=&sortBy=&search_within_results=&p=UHIC%3AWHIC&action=e&catId=&activityType=&scanId=&documentId=GALE%7CCX2536600019&source=Bookmark&u=mnkblake&jsid=c3d316f15202fc547f724a546398db54

This article from Gale has two great sections on the history of the Cheyenne pre contact.

New World Encyclopedia contributors, "Cheyenne," New World Encyclopedia, accessed

September 9,2015.

http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/p/index.php?title=Cheyenne&oldid=969185

In association with STEM Education, New World Encyclopedia gives an article about Cheyenne life, I was more interested in the religion section of the article.

Lipan Apache: Religion, Traditions and More

Photo via Calisphere

Most Indigenous American religions, like Lipan Aches, aren’t affiliated with churches or holidays, but with the oral tradition that describes the appropriate affinity with/behavior toward sacred objects, deities and one’s family and tribe. Apache religion and morals is based on a spiritual sense by which Apaches live with respect. This picture features Lipan Apache members dressed as Devil Dancers. This was a religious ceremony was completed by Apaches, thus fitting into the topic of religion. Along with this religious ceremony, the Apache have many important traditions, such as the ceremony of transition between a young female child and her going through puberty and becoming a woman. This Tradition is urged to be passed down through generations, along with countless others. The Apache language is one branch of the many Athabaskan languages. This language is shared with other tribes around the South Western tribes. The Apache tribe is one of many tribes residing in Arizona, and even though they may seem tough on the outside, they value the relationships between family members, paying attention to the development of strong families. I chose the Apache randomly, but have learned very much about who they are and what they value in their community.

Inuit: The Arctic Tribe

Image via The Coming of the First White Man

Inuit: The First People of the Artic

The picture above is an illustration of an Inuit tribe during the winter. Here we can see the common structure of Inuit homes, many were built og sticks and animals hides and were made so that they could always be moved around because many Inuit tribes were nomadic. 

The Anasazi: What Happened During the 13th Century?

"Mystery of the Anasazi." Rocky Mountain Legends. July12, 2012. Accessed September 8, 2015.

The Anasazi, an ancient Native American civilization, was evolving steadily over the course of the 1st-12th centuries. They transitioned from hunting/gathering to agriculture, slowly improved ceramic techniques, building techniques, etc. However, during the 13th century something happened to the Anasazi that caused a massive and violent shift in Anasazi culture. Archaeological discoveries that can be dated back to that century show signs of extreme violence and even cannibalism. There are a few theories to try to piece together what caused this violence, but nobody knows for sure what happened to these people.

Inuit: Thriving in a Harsh Enviorment

This picture shows a typical inuit family building an igloo.  Because the Inuit were always on the move and the cold environment they used the ice and snow to build small huts that were easily built and taken down.